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QUAL A DIFERENÇA ENTRE PESSOAS NEUROTÍPICAS E PESSOAS NEUROATÍPICAS - Psicologo Rodrigo Romão Antonio

publicado em:5/09/22 5:45 PM por: Rodrigo Romão Antonio ARTIGOS

QUAL A DIFERENÇA ENTRE PESSOAS NEUROTÍPICAS E PESSOAS NEUROATÍPICAS

 

As pessoas neurotípicas (ou típicas) são aquelas que não possuem problemas de desenvolvimento neurológico. Podemos chamá-las também de não autistas. Já as pessoas neuroatípicas (ou atípicas) lidam com diferentes alterações relacionadas ao desenvolvimento neurológico. As pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) fazem parte do grupo de pessoas atípicas.

Para entendermos um pouco melhor o TEA, precisamos compreender que o termo médico atualizado que define autismo é TEA, Transtorno do Espectro Autista. O termo espectro é devido a um transtorno que se manifesta em diferentes níveis. Há pessoas com TEA que não falam, outras que têm um vocabulário acima da média, porém com outras dificuldades, como entender metáforas e sutilezas da comunicação. Há pessoas que são muito sensíveis ao toque e outras, ao contrário, que buscam mais estímulos do ambiente, por serem hipossensíveis. Assim, não podemos, portanto, generalizar a condição de uma pessoa com TEA.

Deste modo, é de suma importância atentarmos há algumas maneiras simples de pessoas não autistas criarem conexões positivas com autistas.

Primeiramente é importante saber antecipadamente as características da pessoa com TEA para facilitar a interação, saber como ela se comunica, de quais suas características mais relevantes, do que ela gosta ou não gosta, para facilitar o contato.

Evitar o contato físico e se expressar da forma mais clara e direta pode contribuir com a relação, mas caso não tenha informações prévias sobre a pessoa com TEA, seguem algumas dicas para estabelecer uma interação positiva:

Evite o contato físico, mas cumprimente naturalmente, pois não sabemos se essa pessoa com TEA é hipersensível ao toque. Busque não esperar uma retribuição, isso não quer dizer que ela não tenha gostado e sim, uma dificuldade na compreensão de regras sociais.

Procure não se prolongar muito na fala, seja o mais claro e direto possível, isso facilita para que a pessoa com TEA tenha mais atenção e compreenda melhor.

Se possível, evite perguntas, pois nem sempre as perguntas serão respondidas. Tente ser direto e objetivo, por exemplo, “Vamos ao mercado”, “Vamos jogar”. Desta maneira, a pessoa mostrará sua satisfação ou insatisfação.

Existem algumas pessoas com TEA que são aprendizes visuais, se puder associar a fala à imagem, com certeza você conseguirá passar a mensagem mais facilmente. Você pode usar o celular, então quando falar: “Vamos ao mercado”, mostre a foto do mercado.

Possibilite que a pessoa tenha tempo para processar o que você diz, falar mais pode deixá-la confusa. Pois em muitas situações acabamos ficando ansiosos por um contato ou uma resposta e acabamos nos precipitando e falando mais e mais. Dessa forma sem querer, acabamos deixando tudo mais confuso.

Um fator muito importante é a previsibilidade dos acontecimentos, antes de iniciar alguma ação, procure explicar claramente. Não o leve ao mercado sem avisar. Se puder dar essa previsibilidade com uma certa antecedência, ajudará muito.

Procure evitar assuntos com temas abstratos, duplo-sentido, metáforas e piadas, já que necessita de uma compreensão muito refinada da linguagem e uma das características do transtorno é o déficit na área da comunicação.

Atente se para evitar ambientes com estímulos sensoriais intensos, pois pessoas com TEA podem ser hipersensíveis.

Perceba especialmente às respostas corporais, pois nem sempre a pessoa responderá com a fala, mas normalmente mostrará sua satisfação ou insatisfação com sinais sociais, como ir junto ou se recusar.

Em algumas situações será necessário estar na altura da pessoa para que ela possa prestar mais atenção em você, porém cuidado para não ser invasivo, se não o resultado será o contrário. A casos em que não haverá contato visual, porém isso não quer dizer que não está atento à interação.

Quando a pessoa com TEA estiver engajada em alguma atividade de interesse, aguarde, ou faça parte se ela permitir, pois interrompe la fará com que você diminua as possibilidades de aproximação e pode gerar estresse, irritabilidade.

Haverá situações em que falar ou mostrar poderá fazer com que a pessoa com TEA se envolva na proposta, muitas vezes guiá-la com consentimento, fará com que compreenda melhor e se envolva. Se a ideia é brincar de bola, faça com ela, ajude mostrando como seria.

Há pessoa com TEA pode apresentar uma dificuldade para reconhecer, expressar e gerir emoções, dessa forma, as reações nem sempre são as esperadas para a situação, como um choro ou risada fora do contexto. Não leve para o pessoal, achando que você tenha errado na conduta.

É muito importante atentar se para não tratar um adulto com TEA de forma infantilizada, trate-o como uma pessoa adulta.

Observe com cuidado e compreensão, pois em muitos casos a pessoa com TEA não se expressa com a fala, e isso não significa que ela não está compreendendo. W caso você não consiga um contato, uma resposta, uma interação, não significa que essa pessoa com TEA não gostou de você, e sim que naquele momento não teve recursos para essa troca esperada.

Jamais esqueça que antes de tudo estamos falando de uma pessoa que tem o seu jeito, sua história e não só do autismo, leve isso muito em conta. E conhecer melhor as características específicas do autista é essencial para que um vínculo se construa.

Espero ter agregado informação para você e que esse artigo tenha te estimulado a conhecer mais sobre autismo e desmistificar esse transtorno. Pois o preconceito e a exclusão estão atrelados a falta de conhecimento e informação, pois o conhecimento liberta e gera inclusão.

Abraço!



Post Tags

Formado em Psicologia, atua como Psicólogo Clínico (CRP – 06/129455) em abordagem Psicoterapia Breve, buscando promover saúde mental, equilíbrio emocional, qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento pessoal. Idealizador dos Projetos: Educação Emocional, dedicando a educar as pessoas cadastradas através de conteúdos enviados por e-mail e WhatsApp. EmagreSER (emagrecimento consciente), auxiliando no processo de emagrecimento, com atendimento personalizado, objetivando trabalhar as questões EMOCIONAIS e COMPORTAMENTAIS, que interferem no processo de emagrecimento. Atua como Psicoterapeuta, no atendimento de crianças, adolescentes, adultos e idosos. Atua também como instrutor de Meditação, Escritor e Poeta.


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